Text Article http://csharp-video-tutorials.blogspot.com/2017/02/sql-script-to-insert-into-many-to-many.html Slides http://csharp-video-tutorials.blogspot.com/2017/02/sql-script-to-insert-into-many-to-many_6.html SQL Server Interview Questions and Answers text articles & slides http://csharp-video-tutorials.blogspot.com/2014/05/sql-server-interview-questions-and.html SQL Server Interview Questions and Answers playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6n9fhu94yhXcztdLO7i6mdyaegC8CJwR All Dot Net and SQL Server Tutorials in English https://www.youtube.com/user/kudvenkat/playlists?view=1&sort=dd All Dot Net and SQL Server Tutorials in Arabic https://www.youtube.com/c/KudvenkatArabic/playlists In this video we will discuss how to insert data into a table that has many-to-many relationship Create table Students ( Id int primary key identity, StudentName nvarchar(50) ) Go Create table Courses ( Id int primary key identity, CourseName nvarchar(50) ) Go Create table StudentCourses ( StudentId int not null foreign key references Students(Id), CourseId int not null foreign key references Courses(Id) ) Go Students - Id column is identity column Courses - Id column is identity column StudentCourses - StudentId and CourseId columns are foreign keys referencing Id column in Students and Courses tables As you can see, StudentCourses is a bridge table that has many to many relationship with Students and Courses tables. This means a given student can be enrolled into many courses and a given course can have many students enrolled. Below is the question asked in an interview for SQL Server Developer role. Write a SQL script to insert data into StudentCourses table. Here are the rules that your script should follow. 1. There will be 2 inputs for the script Student Name - The name of the student who wants to enroll into a course Course Name - The name of the course the student wants to enroll into 2. If the student is already in the Students table, then use that existing Student Id. If the student is not already in the Students table, then a row for that student must be inserted into the Students table, and use that new student id. 3. Along the same lines, if the course is already in the Courses table, then use that existing Course Id. If the course is not already in the Courses table, then a row for that course must be inserted into the Courses table, and use that new course id. 4. There should be no duplicate student course enrollments, i.e a given student must not be enrolled in the same course twice. For example, Tom must not be enrolled in C# course twice. Answer : To avoid duplicate student course enrollments create a composite primary key on StudentId and CourseId columns in StudentCourses table. With this composite primary key in place, if someone tries to enroll the same student in the same course again we get violation of primary key constraint error. Alter table StudentCourses Add Constraint PK_StudentCourses Primary Key Clustered (CourseId, StudentId) Here is the SQL script that inserts data into the 3 tables as expected Declare @StudentName nvarchar(50) = 'Sam' Declare @CourseName nvarchar(50) = 'SQL Server' Declare @StudentId int Declare @CourseId int -- If the student already exists, use the existing student ID Select @StudentId = Id from Students where StudentName = @StudentName -- If the course already exists, use the existing course ID Select @CourseId = Id from Courses where CourseName = @CourseName -- If the student does not exist in the Students table If (@StudentId is null) Begin -- Insert the student Insert into Students values(@StudentName) -- Get the Id of the student Select @StudentId = SCOPE_IDENTITY() End -- If the course does not exist in the Courses table If (@CourseId is null) Begin -- Insert the course Insert into Courses values(@CourseName) -- Get the Id of the course Select @CourseId = SCOPE_IDENTITY() End -- Insert StudentId & CourseId in StudentCourses table Insert into StudentCourses values(@StudentId, @CourseId) If required, we can very easily convert this into a stored procedure as shown below. Create procedure spInsertIntoStudentCourses @StudentName nvarchar(50), @CourseName nvarchar(50) as Begin Declare @StudentId int Declare @CourseId int Select @StudentId = Id from Students where StudentName = @StudentName Select @CourseId = Id from Courses where CourseName = @CourseName If (@StudentId is null) Begin Insert into Students values(@StudentName) Select @StudentId = SCOPE_IDENTITY() End If (@CourseId is null) Begin Insert into Courses values(@CourseName) Select @CourseId = SCOPE_IDENTITY() End Insert into StudentCourses values(@StudentId, @CourseId) End Use the following statement to execute the stored procedure Execute spInsertIntoStudentCourses 'Tom','C#'

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