Dr. Manishika Jain explains the Earth Summit Key Aspects. 1972: UN Conference on the Human Environment, held in Stockholm - United Nations Environment Program established Earthwatch: UNEP keeps constant surveillance on environment. Global Environment Outlook (GEO): UNEP publishes this report. 5th report (GEO-5) released in 2012. Agenda 21 Non-binding Voluntary Action plan of United Nations Related with sustainable development Can be executed at local, national, and global levels "21" refers to the 21st Century Rio Declaration 27 principles & 3rd generation rights Rio+10 (2002) – full implementation of Agenda 21 Rio+20 (2012) – renew political commitment, implement gaps & address challenges – 20 yr gap b/w 1992 and 2012 Poverty Reduction Clean Energy Sustainable Development 7 Priority Areas: Job, Energy, Cities, Food, Water, Ocean & Disaster 49 page document – “Future we want” Statement of Forest Principles First global consensus on forest Developed nations should work to green the world Develop forest based on socio-economic needs Provide financial resources for development 1994: Working Group on Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests started Cartagena Protocol Or Biosafety Protocol CoP 5 – opened for signature (2000) Adopted in 2000 & ratified in 2003 & came in force 2004 Living Modified Organisms (LMOs) by biotechnology Transboundary movement & handling Balance public health against economic benefits Precautionary approach in Principle 15 of Rio Establish biosafety clearing house Aichi Targets CoP (Conference of Parties 10) held at Nagoya, Aichi, Japan Biodiversity protection targets – 10 year framework Short term by 2020 as “Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020” Long term by 2050 20 Targets in 5 Sections (A to E) Goal A: Address causes of biodiversity loss Goal B: Reduce direct pressure on biodiversity and promote sustainable use Goal C: Safeguard ecosystems, species and genetic diversity Goal D: Biodiversity benefits to all Goal E: Participatory planning, capacity building Nagoya Genetic Resource Protocol Came in force in 2014 Fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from use of genetic resources Access and Benefit-sharing Clearing-House – facilitate implementation, transparency and monitoring Create legal certainty Classification of Parties to UNFCC -2015 Annex-I: 43 nations + EU – Industrialized nations and economies in transition (EITs) Annex-II: From annex –I, 24 nations + EU – members of OECD – provide support to EITs & developing nations Non-Annex-I: Low income developing countries LDCs: 49 nations under special status Protocol: International agreement that stands on its own but is linked to an existing convention Climate Change Initiatives World’s First Climate Conference In 1979 In Geneva By WMO Establishment of World Climate Program & World Climate Research Program Creation of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) by WMO & UNEP in 1988 World’s Second Climate Conference In 1990 In Geneva Review World Climate Program Establishment of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Establishment of Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) - global observing system of systems for climate and climate-related observations World’s Third Climate Conference In 2009 In Geneva Focus on Climatic predictions Contribute to achievement of United Nations Millennium Development Goals Contribute to Hyogo Framework for Action on Disaster Risk Reduction (2005-2015) Berlin Mandate Kyoto Protocol Copenhagen Accord Cancun 2010 in Cancun, Mexico Doha Amendment Lima Paris Agreement Marrakech, Morocco CoP 22 & CMP 12 in 2016 For NET paper 1 postal course visit -https://www.examrace.com/CBSE-UGC-NET/CBSE-UGC-NET-FlexiPrep-Program/Postal-Courses/Examrace-CBSE-UGC-NET-Paper-I-Series.htm Join our fully evaluated UPSC Geography optional test series at - https://www.doorsteptutor.com/Exams/IAS/Mains/Optional/Geography/Test-Series/, Post evaluation get personalized feedback & improvement call for each test. Ready-made fully solved questions for GS at https://www.doorsteptutor.com/Exams/IAS/Prelims/ Don't miss preparing for IAS CSAT Paper II - http://www.examrace.com/IAS/IAS-FlexiPrep-Program/Postal-Courses/Examrace-IAS-CSAT-Prelims-Paper-II-Series.htm

Earth Summit & Conventions: 3 Aspects - Climate Change, Biodiversity & Sustainable Development

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, Biodiversity, Economic Viability,

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ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, Biodiversity, Economic Viability,

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ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, Biodiversity, Economic Viability,

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